健康小天使
发表于 2022-8-31 10:31:52
超过54℃就有致癌风险，「趁热吃」是个高危习惯
<section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">中国人对于吃的讲究，从八大秘技“煎炒煮炸焗蒸焖炖”就能看出。不论是哪种烹饪方式，人们都更习惯「趁热吃」。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">然而，一项新研究指出，温度超过54℃就可能增大患食管癌风险。<br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><font size="3"><br><br></font></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">邀请专家，解读趁热吃是如何“烫伤”食管的，并教你几招预防食管癌。<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; clear: both; min-height: 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; visibility: visible; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><section style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.544px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;visibility: visible;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><span title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.title1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font size="3">受访专家</font></strong></p></span></section></section><section style="margin: -1em 0px 0px;padding: 20px 10px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font size="3">复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放射治疗中心胸部专科主任 赵快乐</font></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><font size="3"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);visibility: visible;"><strong style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">陕西省肿瘤医院胸部肿瘤外科副主任医师 张曦</strong></span><span style="text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></font></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92498"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;padding: 15px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-image:url(";background-position:left top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 30px;"><section style="background-image: url(";background-position: right bottom;background-size: 30px;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding: 8px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 20px; line-height: 30px; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="327:206"><strong><font size="3">温度超54℃可能致食管癌</font></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">食物过烫已被国际癌症研究机构列为食管癌的病因之一，但对于其内在机制仍不清楚。<br></font></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">近日，发表于《英国癌症杂志（British Journal of Cancer）》的一项研究，首次揭示高温促进食管鳞状细胞癌（食管癌的一种）的发生机制，<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">并提出了</span>热激活温度为<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">54℃，</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">低于国际癌症研究机构的高温饮食风险温度</span>。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 0.3em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><font size="3"><br><br></font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">研究由中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院李志远团队完成，实验通过对小鼠进行体外实验和体内实验，以54℃对食管鳞癌细胞进行刺激。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">结果发现，体外实验中，食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和促血管生成等恶性细胞行为明显增强，体内实验则可显著促进裸鼠皮下成瘤、尾静脉注射的肿瘤转移。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">通俗来说，54℃热刺激会激活促癌通路，促进食管鳞癌的发生和转移。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><font size="3"><br><br></font></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;margin-left: auto;border-top: 5px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right: 5px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="margin-top: -2.25em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3">早在2016年，国际癌症研究机构就将65℃以上的热饮列入了“致癌物”。这项新研究结果发现的“热激活温度”54°C，低于许多人的膳食温度，也远低于国际癌症研究署建议的高温饮食风险温度。</font></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;"><font size="3"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;"></span></font></span></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font size="3"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;"></font></section><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font size="3">研究再度告诫大众，长期吃得太烫，致癌风险大增，且烫食温度可能要低于65℃。</font></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92498"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;padding: 15px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-image:url(";background-position:left top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 30px;"><section style="background-image: ;background-position: right bottom;background-size: 30px;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding: 8px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 20px; line-height: 30px; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="327:206"><strong><font size="3">全球一半食管癌发生在中国</font></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">世界卫生组织数据显示，2020年我国食管癌新发病例为32.4万例，死亡病例为30.1万例，分别占全球食管癌发病与死亡的53.7%和55.35%。我国是世界上食管癌发病率最高的国家之一。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;"></span></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">食管癌通常分两种类型：</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">食管鳞状细胞癌和食管腺癌。</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;">其中，食管鳞状细胞癌在发展中国家更常见，而食管腺癌在发达国家更为常见。</span></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 0.3em;border-style: solid;border-color: white;box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0.2em 0.2em 0.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><font size="3"><br><br></font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; float: none; display: inline !important;"></span>我国食管癌主要呈现以下发病特点：</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: circle;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">病理类型主要为食管鳞癌，约占所有食管癌的90%~95%；</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">存在一定地域性，高发地区主要在河南、河北、山西、四川盆地、江苏的苏北地区、闽粤交界地区、新疆哈萨克族居住地等。</font></section></li></ul><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">食管癌早期症状往往不典型，多数表现为进食时有异物感和梗噎感等不适。具体表现为：</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><em><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><strong>1.</strong></span></em>进食大口固体食物时出现轻度梗噎感，或时有时无，或持续出现，或服用消炎药后能缓解；</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><em><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><strong>2.</strong></span></em>吞咽时感觉食管内有异物感，部分患者进食时感觉异物黏附在食管内，吐不出咽不下，异物感的部位多与食管病变的部位一致；</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><em><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><strong>3.</strong></span></em>进食后或不进食时轻度胸骨后疼痛感，时有时无，热食时更明显；</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><em><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><strong>4.</strong></span></em>有时吞咽食物时在某一部位停滞或轻度梗噎感；</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><em><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><strong>5.</strong></span></em>有些表现为咽喉不适，还可能出现上腹部不适、呃逆或嗳气等。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">此外，还可能出现声音嘶哑、胸背部疼痛、消瘦、锁骨上有包块，甚至发热、咳嗽、胸闷气急等症状。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 10px;border-radius: 11px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><font size="3"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着病情发展，身体会逐渐出现食管癌最典型的症状：进行性进食梗阻。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也就是说，刚开始吃普通饮食会出现梗阻感，逐渐发展为吃半流质饮食、流质饮食都会出现这种现象，意味着病情可能已经进入了中晚期。</p></font></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="92498"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;padding: 15px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-image:url(";background-position:left top;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 30px;"><section style="background-image: url(";background-position: right bottom;background-size: 30px;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding: 8px 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 20px; line-height: 30px; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;" data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="327:206"><strong><font size="3">5个高危习惯加速食管癌变</font></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">食道的结构只有一层很薄的黏膜，非常脆弱。当过烫的食物直接进入食道，黏膜不断受损，就会引起溃疡甚至出血，出血次数多了，就会增加食管病变的风险。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">人们生活中常说的“趁热吃”，真正含义其实是趁着食物还没变凉，温热时吃。因为凉刺激对消化系统也有负面影响。</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">除了过烫的热饮、热食，食管发生癌变还有5个生活因素：</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 0px 2px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 240); box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.txt2"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">吸烟</strong></p></span> </font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">英国《自然》杂志2019年发表论文指出，吸烟会促使食管正常细胞突变，使食管鳞癌的发生率增加3~8倍。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">烟草含多种致癌物质，可随唾液或食物下咽到食管，引起细胞变异；烟雾中含有大量焦油、一氧化氮、二氧化氮和烃类反应生成的烷类和烷氧自由基，可直接攻击食管细胞的脂肪、蛋白质和核酸，造成细胞损伤，引起癌变。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><font size="3"><br><br></font></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 0px 2px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 240); box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.txt2"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">饮酒</strong></p></span> </font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">长期大量饮酒，尤其是高度白酒，是食管癌的危险因素。重度饮酒可使食管癌发病几率增加7~50倍。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">酒精经过食管时，会损伤食管黏膜产生烧灼，黏膜自身虽有修复机制，但如果不断损伤、修复，持续刺激会使上皮黏膜细胞恶变，形成食管癌。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 0px 2px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 240); box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</strong></p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.txt2"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">饮食不当</strong></p></span> </font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">喜欢吃烫饭、热水，油炸和腌制食品，都容易引发食管癌。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">油炸食物含有大量苯丙类物质，腌制食品如泡菜、酸菜、咸肉、咸鱼中亚硝酸盐类物质含量很高，这些都是致癌物质。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;"><font size="3"><br><br></font></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 0px 2px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 240); box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</strong></p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.txt2"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">肥胖</strong></p></span> </font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">肥胖人群罹患食管癌的风险是体重正常人群的两倍。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">肥胖促使人体释放雌激素，增加患癌风险。其中，腹型肥胖危害更大，由于腹压增高，容易发生胃食管反流，使得胃液长期刺激贲门（食道和胃交界处）黏膜，导致细胞癌变。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 0px 2px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.4em; min-width: 1.8em; min-height: 1.6em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; border-radius: 80% 100% 90% 20%; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 240); box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</strong></p></section><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.4em; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" title="" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.txt2"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">遗传</strong></p></span> </font></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">在我国一些食管癌高发地区，经常出现家族聚集性发病现象。据统计，约两成至六成食道癌患者有家族史，有些甚至“蔓延”两三代。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">虽然食管癌不是遗传性疾病，但家人共同的生活、饮食习惯可能导致家族发病。</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="3">膳食中水果摄入不足、缺乏维生素和微量元素，也可使食管黏膜增生；咀嚼烟草、食用含黄曲霉等毒素的变质食物，也可损伤食管细胞，导致癌变。</font></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">此外，建议4类高危人群最好每年做食管癌筛查：</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">年龄在40岁以上的人群；</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">家族成员中有食管癌或消化道恶性肿瘤病史或其他恶性肿瘤病史人群；</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">食管癌高发地区的人群；</font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">吸烟或重度饮酒人群。</font></section></li></ul><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3"><br></font></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="3">这些群体即使没有症状也要筛查，可以做胃镜检查，这样食管、贲门和胃都能检查到。▲</font></section>
Killua
发表于 2022-8-31 11:26:14
{:11_1145:}
冀苍鸾
发表于 2022-8-31 11:43:32
{:11_1111:}
漂浮
发表于 2022-8-31 13:30:05
那有那么多讲究
流氓的愛妳不懂
发表于 2022-8-31 13:56:10
好吃就行了
凝固
发表于 2022-8-31 14:22:56
瞎讲究
李志敏
发表于 2022-8-31 15:05:53
有时候太烫了真的能感受到食道被烫伤的感觉
公路美学
发表于 2022-8-31 16:57:15
趁热吃
雨云儿
发表于 2022-8-31 17:05:47
人生短短几十年，纠结那么多搞什么
圆月小侠
发表于 2022-8-31 17:13:23
又是哪个专家说的
切股哈喽
发表于 2022-8-31 20:04:48
少吃油炸食品
许兰花
发表于 2022-8-31 20:43:25
又是那个专家说
云霓
发表于 2022-8-31 21:30:12
吃过热的食物确实不好
忠志哥哥
发表于 2022-9-1 07:52:51
有些东西冷了就不好吃了
小妖花满楼满fx
发表于 2022-9-1 15:39:24
{:11_1171:}